See 返す on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "torikaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"取",
"と"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"word": "取り返す"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kurikaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"繰",
"く"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"word": "繰り返す"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "from older 田返す (tagaesu)",
"roman": "tagayasu",
"ruby": [
[
"耕",
"たがや"
],
[
"田返",
"たがえ"
]
],
"word": "耕す"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "返す ^transitive godan",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaesu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "返し",
"roman": "kaeshi",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返した",
"roman": "kaeshita",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "返さ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへさ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返す",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "返す",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返せ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへせ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返せ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへせ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返さず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへさず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "返せど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "かへせど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "返せば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへせば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeseba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "返さば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かへさば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "返しき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへしき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "返しけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへしけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "返しつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへしつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返しぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへしぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返せり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返したり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへせり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへしたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeseri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返さむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かへさむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "反す",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かえす",
"hhira": "かへす",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "返(かえ)す • (kaesu) ^(←かへす (kafesu)?)transitive godan (stem 返(かえ)し (kaeshi), past 返(かえ)した (kaeshita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かへ",
"2": "4-s"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Give me back the book I lent you.",
"roman": "Kashita hon o kaeshite.",
"ruby": [
[
"貸",
"か"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"text": "貸した本を返して。",
"translation": "Give me back the book I lent you."
}
],
"glosses": [
"to return (something); to give back"
],
"id": "en-返す-ja-verb-06-kF6ai",
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"give back",
"give back"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "返却する"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to return (something) to a previous state; to restore"
],
"id": "en-返す-ja-verb-bfIIUtZN",
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"restore",
"restore"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "戻す"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to return a greeting",
"roman": "aisatsu o kaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"挨拶",
"あいさつ"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"text": "挨拶を返す",
"translation": "to return a greeting"
},
{
"english": "to reply to a text",
"roman": "mēru ni kaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"text": "メールに返す",
"translation": "to reply to a text"
},
{
"english": "I don't know what to say (in response to that).",
"roman": "Kaesu kotoba ga mitsukaranai.",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
],
[
"言葉",
"ことば"
],
[
"見",
"み"
]
],
"text": "返す言葉が見つからない。",
"translation": "I don't know what to say (in response to that)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"to return (an action, words, etc.); to reciprocate"
],
"id": "en-返す-ja-verb-6N9Ur5d~",
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"reciprocate",
"reciprocate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "ja:Agriculture",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to till (soil)"
],
"id": "en-返す-ja-verb-SiFSbVV9",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"till",
"till"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture) to till (soil)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "耕す"
}
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Vomit",
"orig": "ja:Vomit",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 7 14 6 11 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 16 13 13 11 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -su",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 15 13 13 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 8 17 8 13 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 15 13 14 13 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 15 13 13 12 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 15 13 14 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 10 15 14 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 14 14 13 12 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 15 13 14 13 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 15 13 14 13 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 12 11 11 11 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to vomit; to bring up"
],
"id": "en-返す-ja-verb-XNBVi3Zn",
"links": [
[
"vomit",
"vomit"
],
[
"bring up",
"bring up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) to vomit; to bring up"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "戻す"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠e̞sɨ]"
},
{
"other": "かえす"
}
],
"word": "返す"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "返す ^godan",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-kaesu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-kafesu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "返し",
"roman": "-kaeshi",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返した",
"roman": "-kaeshita",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "反す",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "かえす",
"hhira": "かへす",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "返(かえ)す • (-kaesu) ^(←かへす (-kafesu)?)godan (stem 返(かえ)し (-kaeshi), past 返(かえ)した (-kaeshita))",
"name": "ja-pos"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "attaches to a verb in ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "(attaches to a verb in ren'yōkei)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to stare back",
"roman": "mitsumekaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"text": "見つめ返す",
"translation": "to stare back"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do (something) back, in return, reciprocally"
],
"id": "en-返す-ja-suffix-Oxstkmly",
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
],
[
"in return",
"in return"
],
[
"reciprocally",
"reciprocally"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to reread the same book",
"roman": "onaji hon o yomikaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"おな"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"text": "同じ本を読み返す",
"translation": "to reread the same book"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do (something) again, repeatedly; re-"
],
"id": "en-返す-ja-suffix-wF9I8DzY",
"links": [
[
"again",
"again"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"re-",
"re-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠e̞sɨ]"
},
{
"other": "かえす"
}
],
"word": "返す"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -su",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 返 read as かえ",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "torikaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"取",
"と"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"word": "取り返す"
},
{
"roman": "kurikaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"繰",
"く"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"word": "繰り返す"
},
{
"alt": "from older 田返す (tagaesu)",
"roman": "tagayasu",
"ruby": [
[
"耕",
"たがや"
],
[
"田返",
"たがえ"
]
],
"word": "耕す"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "返す ^transitive godan",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaesu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "返し",
"roman": "kaeshi",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返した",
"roman": "kaeshita",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "返さ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへさ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返す",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "返す",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返せ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへせ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返せ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへせ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返さず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへさず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "返せど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "かへせど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "返せば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへせば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeseba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "返さば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かへさば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "返しき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへしき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "返しけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへしけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "返しつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへしつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返しぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへしぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返せり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返したり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへせり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへしたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafeseri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返さむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かへさむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kafesamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "反す",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かえす",
"hhira": "かへす",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "返(かえ)す • (kaesu) ^(←かへす (kafesu)?)transitive godan (stem 返(かえ)し (kaeshi), past 返(かえ)した (kaeshita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かへ",
"2": "4-s"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Give me back the book I lent you.",
"roman": "Kashita hon o kaeshite.",
"ruby": [
[
"貸",
"か"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"text": "貸した本を返して。",
"translation": "Give me back the book I lent you."
}
],
"glosses": [
"to return (something); to give back"
],
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"give back",
"give back"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "返却する"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to return (something) to a previous state; to restore"
],
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"restore",
"restore"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "戻す"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to return a greeting",
"roman": "aisatsu o kaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"挨拶",
"あいさつ"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"text": "挨拶を返す",
"translation": "to return a greeting"
},
{
"english": "to reply to a text",
"roman": "mēru ni kaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"text": "メールに返す",
"translation": "to reply to a text"
},
{
"english": "I don't know what to say (in response to that).",
"roman": "Kaesu kotoba ga mitsukaranai.",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
],
[
"言葉",
"ことば"
],
[
"見",
"み"
]
],
"text": "返す言葉が見つからない。",
"translation": "I don't know what to say (in response to that)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"to return (an action, words, etc.); to reciprocate"
],
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"reciprocate",
"reciprocate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ja:Agriculture"
],
"glosses": [
"to till (soil)"
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"till",
"till"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture) to till (soil)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "耕す"
}
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese dated terms",
"ja:Vomit"
],
"glosses": [
"to vomit; to bring up"
],
"links": [
[
"vomit",
"vomit"
],
[
"bring up",
"bring up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) to vomit; to bring up"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "戻す"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠e̞sɨ]"
},
{
"other": "かえす"
}
],
"word": "返す"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -su",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 返 read as かえ",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "返す ^godan",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-kaesu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-kafesu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "返し",
"roman": "-kaeshi",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返した",
"roman": "-kaeshita",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "反す",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "かえす",
"hhira": "かへす",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "返(かえ)す • (-kaesu) ^(←かへす (-kafesu)?)godan (stem 返(かえ)し (-kaeshi), past 返(かえ)した (-kaeshita))",
"name": "ja-pos"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "attaches to a verb in ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "(attaches to a verb in ren'yōkei)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to stare back",
"roman": "mitsumekaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"text": "見つめ返す",
"translation": "to stare back"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do (something) back, in return, reciprocally"
],
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
],
[
"in return",
"in return"
],
[
"reciprocally",
"reciprocally"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to reread the same book",
"roman": "onaji hon o yomikaesu",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"おな"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"text": "同じ本を読み返す",
"translation": "to reread the same book"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do (something) again, repeatedly; re-"
],
"links": [
[
"again",
"again"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"re-",
"re-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠e̞sɨ]"
},
{
"other": "かえす"
}
],
"word": "返す"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 返す meaning in All languages combined (10.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"返す"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "返す",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 10"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"返す"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "返す",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 10"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"返す"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "返す",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.